school environments, being exposed to positive values,...

school environments, being exposed to positive values, rules and expectations, having spiritual beliefs and a sense of hope for the future. Mothiba et al (2012: 13) state that the only technology available to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV is the condom latex or polyurethane for males and females. During the late 1980s and early 1990s public education campaigns in Uganda focused on reducing the transmission of HIV through a programme called â€Å"ACB†- this programme emphasized abstinence (Abstain), monogamy (Be careful), and condom use (Condom). There was a decline in HIV in Uganda as a result of the implementation of these educational efforts (Kayiki, 2011:57).†¦show more content†¦According to Mothiba (2012: 14) studies have shown that what encourages teen to use condom more often and more consistently is the condom availability programmes (Guttmacher,1997). There is evidence from every country such as Zambia that shows that in the area of sexual relationships women enjoy less power than men. Decisions about w hen, where and how to have sex are more made by men than women. a study conducted in Zambia showed that less than 25 percent of women believe that a married women can refuse to have sex with her husband, while only 11 percent thought they could ask their husbands to use condoms (cited in Commonwealth Secretariat June 2001 in Kelly, 2004: 60). Even though condoms are an effective preventative method from HIV infection, they are a male controlled barrier method (Mothiba,2012:14). Other prevention techniques are the female controlled barrier methods such as spermicides, diaphragms, and cervical caps, but these prevention methods are unproven as HIV barrier. A top priority in basic research is to produce female-controlled HIV barriers (Lawson et al, 1999: 49). Female condoms have been seen by some as a female-controlled of contraception and STD prevention that can be used without the consent of the maleShow MoreRelatedSocialisation And Its Impact On Children s Learning And Development2834 Words   |  12 Pagesperson’s phase of life, the reactions of others influence and modify their behaviour at all times. As a child grows, they advance in different areas and different manners. Each parent socializes their child into their own patterns and instils their own values thus beginning the socialization cycle. In this essay there will be discussions on socialisation and its consequences on children s development and learning. We will further continue our discussions on important factors of socialisation by providingRead MoreProfessional School Counseling3972 Words   |  16 PagesAbstract Over the years experts have studied the history and developmental aspects of the professional school counseling field. 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